59 lines
3.2 KiB
Markdown
59 lines
3.2 KiB
Markdown
The concept of accounting is explained with an example given below: We will
|
|
take a "Tea Stall" as a company and see how to book accounting entries for the
|
|
business.
|
|
|
|
* Mama (The Tea-stall owner) invests Rs 25000 to start the business.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
__Analysis:__ Mama invested 25000 in company, hoping to get some profit. In other
|
|
words, company is liable to pay 25000 to Mama in the future. So, account
|
|
"Mama" is a liability account and it is credited. Company's cash balance will
|
|
be increased due to the investment, "Cash" is an asset to the company and it
|
|
will debited.
|
|
|
|
* The company needs equipments (Stove, teapot, cups etc) and raw materials (tea, sugar, milk etc) immediately. He decides to buy from the nearest general store "Super Bazaar" who is a friend so that he gets some credit. Equipments cost him 2800 and raw materials worth of 2200. He pays 2000 out of total cost 5000.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
__Analysis:__ Equipments are "Fixed Assets" (because they have a long life) of the
|
|
company and raw materials "Current Assets" (since they are used for day-to-day
|
|
business), of the company. So, "Equipments" and "Stock in Hand" accounts have
|
|
been debited to increase the value. He pays 2000, so "Cash" account will be
|
|
reduced by that amount, hence credited and he is liable to pay 3000 to "Super
|
|
Bazaar" later, so Super Bazaar will be credited by 3000.
|
|
|
|
* Mama (who takes care of all entries) decides to book sales at the end of the every day, so that he can analyze daily sales. At the end of the very first day, the tea stall sells 325 cups of tea, which gives net sales of Rs. 1575. The owner happily books his first day sales.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
__Analysis:__ Income has been booked in "Sales of Tea" account which has been
|
|
credited to increase the value and the same amount will be debited to "Cash"
|
|
account. Lets say, to make 325 cups of tea, it costs Rs. 800, so "Stock in
|
|
Hand" will be reduced (Cr) by 800 and expense will be booked in "Cost of goods
|
|
sold" account by same amount.
|
|
|
|
At the end of the month, the company paid the rent amount of stall (5000) and
|
|
salary of one employee (8000), who joined from the very first day.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Booking Profit
|
|
|
|
As month progress, company purchased more raw materials for the business.
|
|
After a month he books profit to balance the "Balance Sheet" and "Profit and
|
|
Loss Statements" statements. Profit belongs to Mama and not the company hence
|
|
its a liability for the company (it has to pay it to Mama). When the Balance
|
|
Sheet is not balanced i.e. Debit is not equal to Credit, the profit has not
|
|
yet been booked. To book profit, the following entry has to be made:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Explanation: Company's net sales and expenses are 40000 and 20000
|
|
respectively. So, company made a profit of 20000. To make the profit booking
|
|
entry, "Profit or Loss" account has been debited and "Capital Account" has
|
|
been credited. Company's net cash balance is 44000 and there is some raw
|
|
materials available worth 1000 rupees.
|
|
|
|
{next}
|