This represents the Company records for which ERPNext is setup. With this same setup, you can create multiple Company records, each representing a different legal entity. The accounting for each Company will be different, but they will share the Customer, Supplier and Item records.
Represents a customer. A Customer can be an individual or an organizations. You can create multiple Contacts and Addresses for each Customer.
> Selling > Customer
#### Supplier
Represents a supplier of goods or services. Your telephone company is a Supplier, so is your raw materials Supplier. Again, a Supplier can be an individual or an organization and has multiple Contacts and Addresses.
> Buying > Supplier
#### Item
A Product, sub-product or Service that is either bought, sold or manufactured and is uniquely identified.
An Account is a heading under which financial and business transactions are carried on. For example, “Travel Expense” is an account, “Customer Zoe”, “Supplier Mae” are accounts. ERPNext creates accounts for Customers and Suppliers automatically.
An address represents location details of a Customer or Supplier. These can be of different locations such as Head Office, Factory, Warehouse, Shop etc.
An individual Contact belongs to a Customer or Supplier or is just an independent. A Contact has a name and contact details like email and phone number.
Represents a Financial Year or Accounting Year. You can operate multiple Fiscal Years at the same time. Each Fiscal Year has a start date and an end date and transactions can only be recorded in this period. When you “close” a fiscal year, it's balances are transferred as “opening” balances for the next fiscal year.
A Cost Center is like an Account, but the only difference is that it's structure represents your business more closely than Accounts. For example in your Chart of Accounts, you separate your expenses by type (say travel, marketing etc). In your Chart of Cost Centers, you can separate them by product line or business group (for example online sales, retail sales)
A document that contains General Ledger (GL) entries and the sum of Debits and Credits of those entries is the same. In ERPNext you can update Payments, Returns etc using Journal Vouchers.
> Accounts > Journal Vouchers
#### Sales Invoice
A bill sent to Customers for delivery of Items (goods or services).
> Accounts > Sales Invoice
#### Purchase Invoice
A bill sent by a Supplier for delivery of Items (goods or services).
> Accounts > Purchase Invoice
#### Currency
ERPNext allows you to book transactions in multiple currencies. There is only one currency for your books of accounts though. While posting your Invoices, payments in different currencies, the amounts are converted to the default currency by the specified conversion rate.
> Setup > Company > Currencies
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### Selling
#### Customer Group
A classification of Customers, usually based on market segment.
> Selling > Setup (sidebar) > Customer Group
#### Lead
A person who could be a future source of business. A Lead may generate Opportunities. (from: “may lead to a sale”).
> Selling > Lead
#### Opportunity
A potential sale. (from: “opportunity for a business”).
> Selling > Opportunity
#### Sales Order
A note confirming the terms of delivery and price of an Item (product or service) by the Customer. Deliveries, Production Orders and Invoices are made on basis of Sales Orders.
> Selling > Sales Order
#### Territory
A geographical area classification for sales management. You can set targets for Territories and each sale is linked to a Territory.
> Selling > Setup > Territory
#### Sales Partner
A third party distributer / dealer / affiliate / commission agent who sells the company’s products usually for a commission.
A contract given to a Supplier to deliver the specified Items at the specified cost, quantity, dates and other terms.
> Buying > Purchase Order
#### Material Request
A request made by a system User, or automatically generated by ERPNext based on reorder level or projected quantity in Production Plan for purchasing a set of Items.
> Buying > Material Request
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### Stock (Inventory)
#### Warehouse
A logical Warehouse against which stock entries are made.
> Stock > Warehouse
#### Stock Entry
Material transfer from a Warehouse, to a Warehouse or from one Warehouse to another.
> Stock > Stock Entry
#### Delivery Note
A list of Items with quantities for shipment. A Delivery Note will reduce the stock of Items for the Warehouse from where you ship. A Delivery Note is usually made against a Sales Order.
> Stock > Delivery Note
#### Purchase Receipt
A note stating that a particular set of Items were received from the Supplier, most likely against a Purchase Order.
> Stock > Purchase Receipt
#### Serial Number
A unique number given to a particular unit of an Item.
> Stock > Serial Number
#### Batch
A number given to a group of units of a particular Item that may be purchased or manufactured in a group.
> Stock > Batch
#### Stock Ledger Entry
A unified table for all material movement from one warehouse to another. This is the table that is updated when a Stock Entry, Delivery Note, Purchase Receipt, Sales Invoice (POS) is made.
#### Stock Reconciliation
Update Stock of multiple Items from a spreadsheet (CSV) file.
A list of Operations and Items with their quantities, that are required to produce another Item. A Bill of Materials (BOM) is used to plan purchases and do product costing.
