368 lines
9.8 KiB
Markdown
368 lines
9.8 KiB
Markdown
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{
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"_label": "Concepts and Terms"
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}
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---
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Before you start implementation, lets get familiar with the terminology used and some basic concepts in ERPNext.
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---
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### Basic Concepts
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#### Company
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This represents the Company records for which ERPNext is setup. With the same setup, you can create multiple Company records, each representing a different legal entity. The accounting for each Company will be different, but they will share Customer, Supplier and Item records.
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> Setup > Company > Companies
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#### Customer
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Represents a customer. A Customer can be an individual or an organizations. You can create multiple Contacts and Addresses for each Customer.
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> Selling > Customer
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#### Supplier
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Represents a supplier of goods or services. Your telephone company is a Supplier, so is your raw materials Supplier. Again, a Supplier can be an individual or an organization and has multiple Contacts and Addresses.
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> Buying > Supplier
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#### Item
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A Product, sub-product or Service that is either bought, sold or manufactured and is uniquely identified.
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> Stock > Item
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#### Account
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An Account is heading under which financial and business transactions are carried on. For example, “Travel Expense” is an account, “Customer Zoe”, “Supplier Mae” are accounts. ERPNext creates accounts for Customers and Suppliers automatically.
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> Accounts > Chart of Accounts
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#### Address
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An address represents location details of a Customer or Supplier. These can be of different locations such as Head Office, Factory, Warehouse, Shop etc.
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> Selling > Address
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#### Contact
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An individual Contact that belongs to a Customer or Supplier or is just independent. A Contact has name and contact details like email and phone number.
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> Selling > Contact
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#### Communication
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A list of all Communication with a Contact or Lead. All emails sent from the system are added to the Communication table.
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> Support > Communication
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#### Price List
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A table of sale price for an Item. An Item can have multiple prices based on Customer / Supplier or Territory etc..
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> Selling > Setup > Price List
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> Buying > Setup > Price List
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---
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### Accounting
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#### Fiscal Year
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Represents a Financial Year or Accounting Year. You can operate multiple Fiscal Years at the same time. Each Fiscal Year has a start and end date and transactions can only be recorded in this period. When you “close” a fiscal year, its balances are transferred as “opening” balances for the next fiscal year.
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> Setup > Company > Fiscal Years
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#### Cost Center
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A Cost Center is like an Account, but the only different is that its structure represents your business more closely than Accounts. For example in your Chart of Accounts, you separate your expenses by type (say travel, marketing etc). In your Chart of Cost Centers, you can separate them by product line or business group (for example online sales, retail sales)
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> Accounts > Chart of Cost Centers
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#### Journal Voucher
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A document that contains General Ledger (GL) entries and the sum of Debits and Credits of those entries is the same. In ERPNext you can update Payments, Returns etc using Journal Vouchers.
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> Accounts > Journal Vouchers
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#### Sales Invoice
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A bill sent to Customers for delivery of Items (goods or services).
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> Accounts > Sales Invoice
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#### Purchase Invoice
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A bill sent by a Supplier for delivery of Items (goods or services).
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> Accounts > Purchase Invoice
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#### Currency
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ERPNext allows you to book transactions in multiple currencies. There is only one currency for your books of accounts though. While posting your Invoices, payments in different currencies, the amounts are converted to the default currency by the specified conversion rate.
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> Setup > Company > Currencies
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---
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### Selling
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#### Customer Group
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A classification of Customers, usually based on market segment.
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> Selling > Setup (sidebar) > Customer Group
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#### Lead
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A person who could be a future source of business. A Lead may generate Opportunities. (from: “may lead to a sale”).
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> Selling > Lead
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#### Opportunity
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A potential sale. (from: “opportunity for a business”).
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> Selling > Opportunity
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#### Sales Order
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A note confirming the terms of delivery and price of an Item (product or service) by the Customer. Deliveries, Production Orders and Invoices are made on basis of Sales Orders.
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> Selling > Sales Order
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#### Territory
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A geographical area classification for sales management. You can set targets for Territories and each sale is linked to a Territory.
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> Selling > Setup > Territory
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#### Sales Partner
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A third party distributer / dealer / affiliate / commission agent who sells the company’s products usually for a commission.
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> Selling > Setup > Sales Partner
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#### Sales Person
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Someone who pitches the Customer and closes deals. You can set targets for Sales Persons and tag them in transactions.
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> Selling > Setup > Sales Person
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---
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### Buying
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#### Purchase Order
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A contract given to a Supplier to deliver the specified Items at the specified cost, quantity, dates and other terms.
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> Buying > Purchase Order
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#### Material Request
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A request made by a system User, or automatically generated by ERPNext based on reorder level or projected quantity in Production Plan for purchasing a set of Items.
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> Buying > Material Request
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---
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### Stock (Inventory)
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#### Warehouse
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A logical Warehouse against which stock entries are made.
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> Stock > Warehouse
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#### Stock Entry
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Material transfer from a Warehouse, to a Warehouse or from one Warehouse to another.
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> Stock > Stock Entry
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#### Delivery Note
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A list of Items with quantities for shipment. A Delivery Note will reduce the stock of Items for the Warehouse from where you ship. A Delivery Note is usually made against a Sales Order.
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> Stock > Delivery Note
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#### Purchase Receipt
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A note stating that a particular set of Items were received from the Supplier, most likely against a Purchase Order.
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> Stock > Purchase Receipt
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#### Serial Number
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A unique number given to a particular unit of an Item.
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> Stock > Serial Number
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#### Batch
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A number given to a group of units of a particular Item that may be purchased or manufactured in a group.
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> Stock > Batch
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#### Stock Ledger Entry
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A unified table for all material movement from one warehouse to another. This is the table that is updated when a Stock Entry, Delivery Note, Purchase Receipt, Sales Invoice (POS) is made.
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#### Stock Reconciliation
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Update Stock of multiple Items from a spreadsheet (CSV) file.
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> Stock > Stock Reconciliation (in sidebar)
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#### Quality Inspection
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A note prepared to record certain parameters of an Item at time of Receipt from Supplier or Delivery to Customer.
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> Stock > Tools > Quality Inspection
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#### Item Group
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A classification of Item.
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> Stock > Setup (sidebar) > Item Group
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### Human Resource Management
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#### Employee
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Record of a person who has been in present or past, in the employment of the company.
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Human Resources > Employee
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#### Leave Application
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A record of an approved or rejected request for leave.
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> Human Resource > Leave Application
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#### Leave Type
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A type of leave (for example, Sick Leave, Maternity Leave etc.)
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> Human Resource > Leave and Attendance (sidebar) > Leave Type
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#### Salary Manager
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A tool that will help creation of multiple Salary Slips for Employees.
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> Human Resource > Salary and Payroll > Process Payroll
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#### Salary Slip
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A record of the monthly salary given to an Employee.
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> Human Resource > Salary Slip
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#### Salary Structure
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A template identifying all the components of an Employee’s salary (earnings) and tax and other social security deductions.
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> Human Resource > Salary and Payroll > Salary Structure
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#### Appraisal
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A record of the performance of an Employee over a specified period based on certain parameters.
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> Human Resources > Appraisal
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#### Appraisal Template
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A template recording the different parameters of Employee performance and their weights for a particular role.
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> Human Resources > Employee Setup > Appraisal Template
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#### Attendance
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A record indicating presence or absence of an Employee on a particular day.
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> Human Resources > Attendance
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---
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### Manufacturing
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#### Bill of Materials (BOM)
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A list of Operations and Items with their quantities that are required to produce another Item. A Bill of Materials (BOM) is used to plan purchases and do product costing.
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> Manufacturing > BOM
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#### Workstation
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A place where an BOM operation takes place. Is useful to calculate the direct cost of the product.
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> Manufacturing > Workstation
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#### Production Order
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A document signaling production (manufacture) of a particular Item with specified quantities.
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> Manufacturing > Production Order
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#### Production Planning Tool
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A tool for automatic creation of Production Orders and Purchase Requests based on Open Sales Orders in a given period.
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> Manufacturing > Production Planning Tool
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---
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### Website
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#### Blog Post
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A short article that appears in the “Blog” section of the website generated from the ERPNext website module. Blog is a short from of “Web Log”.
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> Website > Blog Post
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#### Web Page
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A web page with a unique URL (web address) on the website generated from ERPNext.
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> Website > Web Page
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---
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### Setup / Customization
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#### Custom Field
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A user defined field on a form / table.
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Setup > Customize ERPNext > Custom Field
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#### Global Defaults
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This is the section where you set default values for various parameters of the system.
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Setup > Data > Global Defaults
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#### Print Heading
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A title that can be set on a transaction just for printing. For example, you want to print a Quotation with a title “Proposal” or “Pro forma Invoice”.
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> Setup > Branding and Printing > Print Headings
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#### Terms and Conditions
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Text of your terms of contract.
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> Selling > Setup > Terms and Conditions Template
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#### Unit of Measure (UOM)
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How quantity is measured for an Item. For example (Kg, No, Pair, Packet) etc.
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> Stock > Setup > UOM
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