424 lines
9.7 KiB
Markdown
424 lines
9.7 KiB
Markdown
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Before you start implementation, lets get familiar with the terminology that
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is used and some basic concepts in ERPNext.
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* * *
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### Basic Concepts
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#### Company
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This represents the Company records for which ERPNext is setup. With this same
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setup, you can create multiple Company records, each representing a different
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legal entity. The accounting for each Company will be different, but they will
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share the Customer, Supplier and Item records.
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> Setup > Company
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#### Customer
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Represents a customer. A Customer can be an individual or an organizations.
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You can create multiple Contacts and Addresses for each Customer.
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> Selling > Customer
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#### Supplier
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Represents a supplier of goods or services. Your telephone company is a
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Supplier, so is your raw materials Supplier. Again, a Supplier can be an
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individual or an organization and has multiple Contacts and Addresses.
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> Buying > Supplier
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#### Item
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A Product, sub-product or Service that is either bought, sold or manufactured
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and is uniquely identified.
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> Stock > Item
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#### Account
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An Account is a heading under which financial and business transactions are
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carried on. For example, “Travel Expense” is an account, “Customer Zoe”,
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“Supplier Mae” are accounts. ERPNext creates accounts for Customers and
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Suppliers automatically.
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> Accounts > Chart of Accounts
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#### Address
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An address represents location details of a Customer or Supplier. These can be
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of different locations such as Head Office, Factory, Warehouse, Shop etc.
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> Selling > Address
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#### Contact
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An individual Contact belongs to a Customer or Supplier or is just an
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independent. A Contact has a name and contact details like email and phone
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number.
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> Selling > Contact
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#### Communication
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A list of all Communication with a Contact or Lead. All emails sent from the
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system are added to the Communication table.
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> Support > Communication
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#### Price List
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A Price List is a place where different rate plans can be stored. It’s a name
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you give to a set of Item Prices stored under a particular List.
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> Selling > Price List
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> Buying > Price List
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* * *
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### Accounting
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#### Fiscal Year
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Represents a Financial Year or Accounting Year. You can operate multiple
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Fiscal Years at the same time. Each Fiscal Year has a start date and an end
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date and transactions can only be recorded in this period. When you “close” a
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fiscal year, it's balances are transferred as “opening” balances for the next
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fiscal year.
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> Setup > Company > Fiscal Year
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#### Cost Center
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A Cost Center is like an Account, but the only difference is that its
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structure represents your business more closely than Accounts.
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For example, in your Chart of Accounts, you can separate your expenses by its type
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(i.e., travel, marketing, etc.). In your Chart of Cost Centers, you can separate
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them by product line or business group (e.g., online sales, retail sales, etc.).
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> Accounts > Chart of Cost Centers
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#### Journal Entry
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A document that contains General Ledger (GL) entries and the sum of Debits and
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Credits of those entries is the same. In ERPNext you can update Payments,
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Returns, etc., using Journal Entrys.
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> Accounts > Journal Entry
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#### Sales Invoice
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A bill sent to Customers for delivery of Items (goods or services).
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> Accounts > Sales Invoice
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#### Purchase Invoice
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A bill sent by a Supplier for delivery of Items (goods or services).
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> Accounts > Purchase Invoice
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#### Currency
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ERPNext allows you to book transactions in multiple currencies. There is only
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one currency for your book of accounts though. While posting your Invoices with
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payments in different currencies, the amount is converted to the default
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currency by the specified conversion rate.
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> Setup > Currency
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* * *
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### Selling
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#### Customer Group
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A classification of Customers, usually based on market segment.
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> Selling > Setup > Customer Group
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#### Lead
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A person who could be a future source of business. A Lead may generate
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Opportunities. (from: “may lead to a sale”).
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> Selling > Lead
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#### Opportunity
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A potential sale. (from: “opportunity for a business”).
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> Selling > Opportunity
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#### Sales Order
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A note confirming the terms of delivery and price of an Item (product or
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service) by the Customer. Deliveries, Production Orders and Invoices are made
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on basis of Sales Orders.
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> Selling > Sales Order
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#### Territory
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A geographical area classification for sales management. You can set targets
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for Territories and each sale is linked to a Territory.
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> Selling > Setup > Territory
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#### Sales Partner
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A third party distributer / dealer / affiliate / commission agent who sells
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the company’s products usually for a commission.
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> Selling > Setup > Sales Partner
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#### Sales Person
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Someone who pitches to the Customer and closes deals. You can set targets for
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Sales Persons and tag them in transactions.
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> Selling > Setup > Sales Person
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* * *
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### Buying
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#### Purchase Order
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A contract given to a Supplier to deliver the specified Items at the specified
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cost, quantity, dates and other terms.
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> Buying > Purchase Order
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#### Material Request
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A request made by a system User, or automatically generated by ERPNext based
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on reorder level or projected quantity in Production Plan for purchasing a set
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of Items.
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> Buying > Material Request
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* * *
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### Stock (Inventory)
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#### Warehouse
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A logical Warehouse against which stock entries are made.
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> Stock > Warehouse
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#### Stock Entry
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Material transfer from a Warehouse, to a Warehouse or from one Warehouse to
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another.
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> Stock > Stock Entry
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#### Delivery Note
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A list of Items with quantities for shipment. A Delivery Note will reduce the
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stock of Items for the Warehouse from where you ship. A Delivery Note is
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usually made against a Sales Order.
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> Stock > Delivery Note
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#### Purchase Receipt
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A note stating that a particular set of Items were received from the Supplier,
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most likely against a Purchase Order.
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> Stock > Purchase Receipt
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#### Serial Number
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A unique number given to a particular unit of an Item.
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> Stock > Serial Number
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#### Batch
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A number given to a group of units of a particular Item that may be purchased
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or manufactured in a group.
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> Stock > Batch
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#### Stock Ledger Entry
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A unified table for all material movement from one warehouse to another. This
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is the table that is updated when a Stock Entry, Delivery Note, Purchase
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Receipt, and Sales Invoice (POS) is made.
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#### Stock Reconciliation
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Update Stock of multiple Items from a spreadsheet (CSV) file.
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> Stock > Stock Reconciliation
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#### Quality Inspection
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A note prepared to record certain parameters of an Item at the time of Receipt
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from Supplier, or Delivery to Customer.
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> Stock > Quality Inspection
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#### Item Group
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A classification of Item.
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> Stock > Setup > Item Group
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* * *
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### Human Resource Management
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#### Employee
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Record of a person who has been in present or past, in the employment of the
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company.
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> Human Resources > Employee
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#### Leave Application
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A record of an approved or rejected request for leave.
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> Human Resource > Leave Application
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#### Leave Type
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A type of leave (e.g., Sick Leave, Maternity Leave, etc.).
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> Human Resource > Leave and Attendance > Leave Type
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#### Process Payroll
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A tool that helps in creation of multiple Salary Slips for Employees.
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> Human Resource > Salary and Payroll > Process Payroll
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#### Salary Slip
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A record of the monthly salary given to an Employee.
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> Human Resource > Salary Slip
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#### Salary Structure
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A template identifying all the components of an Employees' salary (earnings),
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tax and other social security deductions.
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> Human Resource > Salary and Payroll > Salary Structure
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#### Appraisal
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A record of the performance of an Employee over a specified period based on
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certain parameters.
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> Human Resources > Appraisal
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#### Appraisal Template
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A template recording the different parameters of an Employees' performance and
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their weightage for a particular role.
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> Human Resources > Employee Setup > Appraisal Template
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#### Attendance
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A record indicating presence or absence of an Employee on a particular day.
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> Human Resources > Attendance
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* * *
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### Manufacturing
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#### Bill of Materials (BOM)
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A list of Operations and Items with their quantities, that are required to
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produce another Item. A Bill of Materials (BOM) is used to plan purchases and
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do product costing.
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> Manufacturing > BOM
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#### Workstation
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A place where a BOM operation takes place. It is useful to calculate the
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direct cost of the product.
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> Manufacturing > Workstation
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#### Production Order
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A document signaling production (manufacture) of a particular Item with
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specified quantities.
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> Manufacturing > Production Order
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#### Production Planning Tool
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A tool for automatic creation of Production Orders and Purchase Requests based
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on Open Sales Orders in a given period.
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> Manufacturing > Production Planning Tool
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* * *
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### Website
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#### Blog Post
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A short article that appears in the “Blog” section of the website generated
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from the ERPNext website module. Blog is a short form of “Web Log”.
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> Website > Blog Post
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#### Web Page
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A web page with a unique URL (web address) on the website generated from
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ERPNext.
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> Website > Web Page
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* * *
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### Setup / Customization
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#### Custom Field
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A user defined field on a form / table.
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> Setup > Customize ERPNext > Custom Field
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#### Global Defaults
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This is the section where you set default values for various parameters of the
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system.
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> Setup > Data > Global Defaults
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#### Print Heading
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A title that can be set on a transaction just for printing. For example, you
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want to print a Quotation with a title “Proposal” or “Pro forma Invoice”.
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> Setup > Branding and Printing > Print Headings
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#### Terms and Conditions
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Text of your terms of contract.
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> Selling > Setup > Terms and Conditions
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#### Unit of Measure (UOM)
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How quantity is measured for an Item. E.g., Kg, No., Pair, Packet, etc.
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> Stock > Setup > UOM
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{next}
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